This sounds like a course question to me. I hope it’s not a homework assignment where you’re seeking to lift the answer! Jurisdiction is the legal authority granted to a formally constituted authority or political leader to make judgments on legal matters and by extension, administer justice within a defined area of responsibility. It’s used to delimit the subject matter or geographical region that the authority covers. Types of jurisdiction can refer to a wide range of subjects, depending on the country or legal arena that you are querying about. On the international level, jurisdiction is sometimes shared and split at an international level, as with bodies like the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). In these cases, it is imperative for clarification to exist about the extent of the authority, with respect to national jurisdiction. A clearly defined case is the European Court of Justice, which has the jurisdiction to be the ultimate appellate court for member states on issues of European law. A member country can only deny this jurisdiction by asserting its sovereignty and withdrawing from the union.
Each country extends and delimits jurisdiction differently. In federal countries, like the United States, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and India, the executive and legislature through the court system define jurisdiction. When an overlap between the state and federation exists, the jurisdiction is either shared or one entity takes precedence. However a problem of shopping for the most favourable forum does exist between state and federal courts.
Pertaining to the US court system, there are four types of jurisdiction; the original, appellate, 'in personam' and 'in rem' jurisdiction. The court at the trial level hears original jurisdiction. It is appellate jurisdiction, when the court only hears an appeal from the trial court. The court with jurisdiction over the persons in the lawsuit and with the empowerment to deal with the matters between them, such as a lawsuit, is 'in personam' jurisdiction. And finally, 'in rem' jurisdiction is where the court has authority over the subject matter involving the lawsuit, e.g. A piece of land.
Each country extends and delimits jurisdiction differently. In federal countries, like the United States, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and India, the executive and legislature through the court system define jurisdiction. When an overlap between the state and federation exists, the jurisdiction is either shared or one entity takes precedence. However a problem of shopping for the most favourable forum does exist between state and federal courts.
Pertaining to the US court system, there are four types of jurisdiction; the original, appellate, 'in personam' and 'in rem' jurisdiction. The court at the trial level hears original jurisdiction. It is appellate jurisdiction, when the court only hears an appeal from the trial court. The court with jurisdiction over the persons in the lawsuit and with the empowerment to deal with the matters between them, such as a lawsuit, is 'in personam' jurisdiction. And finally, 'in rem' jurisdiction is where the court has authority over the subject matter involving the lawsuit, e.g. A piece of land.
