In fact the reality is quite different. You will be surprised but your telephone number, current address, email address and even details about your income are publicly available.
Hundreds of companies known as data brokers, collect, share and often sell your personal data in the name of commerce. Legitimate businesses routinely purchase customer’s email addresses from data brokers in order to target their advertising. The more a company knows about a customer’s interests, the better they can promote specific products to their target audience. You can simply google your first and last names to see how much these websites know about you.
Read the article about the ways data brokers collect personal info.
There are no laws in US prohibiting data brokers' actions. All you can do is monitoring the Web in order to find where your records might be located. You can also use online privacy services likeonerep.com to maintain your online privacy (it is very affordable and can automatically remove your personal info from 50 websites).