Will the US find and DEPORT an INTERNATIONAL student if he's on his country's WANTED list, when they conduct a criminal background check for an employer?

Extradition is at the request of the country where your citizenship resides and the request goes to the country where you presently reside. If there is a treaty, your extradition is handled in accordance with the terms of the treaty. USA has 100 treaties with foreign countries, and about 92 that dont. Here is the list and a description of the process:

extradition in the USA

Employers dont deport. The Feds dont do background checks unless you are applying for federal service. If you dont want troubles, i suggest you clear up the criminal matter in your home country as employers really dont want criminals as employees, no matter where the offense.